And how personnel structures and equipment are affected when subjected to nuclear explosions. Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine the effectiveness yield and explosive capability of nuclear weapons testing nuclear weapons offers practical information about how the weapons function as well as how detonations are affected by different conditions. The united states the soviet union united kingdom france china india.
This has been done on test sites on land or waters owned controlled or leased from the owners by one of the eight nuclear nations. Nuclear weapons testing is the act of experimentally and deliberately firing one or more nuclear devices in a controlled manner pursuant to a military scientific or technological goal. A member of the pakistan atomic energy commission said design of the bomb was completed in 1978 and the bomb was cold tested stopping short of an actual explosion in 1983.
Former president benazir bhutto zulfikar bhutto s daughter claimed that her father told her the first device was ready by 1977. Exactly when pakistan had completed its first nuclear device is murky. Enemies since the end of the british raj in 1947 india and pakistan fought again in 1965 and 1971.
Pakistan began developing nuclear weapons in the 1950s but the country s nuclear program accelerated in the mid 1970s after the detonation of smiling buddha india s first nuclear weapons test. On may 26 1990 china tested a pakistani bomb pak 1 on pakistan s behalf at the lop nur test site. Among other assistance to pakistan s nuclear program the chinese government invited pakistani scientists to beijing.
Pakistan also strengthened its alliance with china against india. Pakistan s nuclear weapons program was established in 1972 by zulfiqar ali bhutto who founded the program while he was minister for fuel power and natural resources and later became president and prime minister. Pakistan nuclear weapons a brief history of pakistan s nuclear program.
The first subcritical testing was carried out in 1983 by paec codenamed kirana i and. The nuclear weapons tests of pakistan refers to a test programme directed towards the development of nuclear explosives and investigation of the effects of nuclear explosions the programme was suggested by munir ahmad khan chairman of the pakistan atomic energy commission paec as early as 1977. Its timing was a direct response to india s second nuclear tests on 11 and 13 may 1998.
Chagai i was pakistan s first public test of nuclear weapons.
Nuclear bomb test in pakistan. The sixth pakistan nuclear test codename chagai ii 30 may 1998 at kharan desert was a successful test of a sophisticated compact but powerful bomb designed to be carried by missiles. Ultra centrifugation for obtaining u 235 cannot be done simply by putting natural uranium through the centrifuges. Chagai i is the code name of five simultaneous underground nuclear tests conducted by pakistan at 15 15 hrs pst on 28 may 1998. 281 the tests were performed at ras koh hills in the chagai district of balochistan province.
281 the tests were performed at ras koh hills in the chagai district of balochistan province. Chagai i is the code name of five simultaneous underground nuclear tests conducted by pakistan at 15 15 hrs pst on 28 may 1998. Ultra centrifugation for obtaining u 235 cannot be done simply by putting natural uranium through the centrifuges.
The sixth pakistan nuclear test codename chagai ii 30 may 1998 at kharan desert was a successful test of a sophisticated compact but powerful bomb designed to be carried by missiles.
